The Yellow Wallpaper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Yellow Wallpaper - Movie Review Example At the point when one of his tricks (maybe including back-rear entryway plastic medical procedure as well as low-dollar sex change tasks) turns out badly, finishing in a patient's demise, man and spouse wind up in a fast pursue with police. It is now that the film will start and these initial two characters will be presented. The pursuit ought to be sensible (definitely no C.G.I. stunts) and should end with John and Charlotte having a fantastic (yet credibly survivable) crash. [Car has landed topsy turvy, smoke radiates over a ground covered with broken glass, and JOHN, blood streaming down the side of his head, hauls himself from the destruction as police close in with firearms drawn. He surrenders and falls face down to the to the pavement] JOHN: It wasn't me! It wasn't me! I was only a prisoner! She's insane!! [Camera change to the oblivious and blood-drenched face of CHARLOTTE. Blur to dark with John's shouts of blamelessness. Keep up dark screen as red-shaded content shows up: SIX MONTHS LATER. Blur from dark to scene. Setting is a jail appearance window] CHARLOTTE: You need to let them know (we see Charlotte, wearing a brilliant yellow detainee's jumpsuit. Her face despite everything bears little scars from the mishap, the most clear of which is a stained, practically yellowish scar on her brow). CHARLOTTE and YELLOW WOMAN: DON'T YOU WALK AWAY FROM ME, YOU SON OF A BITCH... [JOHN shows no feeling in his face as he hangs up the telephone, stands up, accumulates his things, and leaves. Once more, next line ought to be spoken simultaneously] CHARLOTTE and YELLOW WOMAN: DON'T YOU WALK AWAY FROM ME, YOU SON OF A BITCH!!! You realize I wasn't the one answerable for this! I'm NOT CRAZY JOHN! We KNOW it! [Prison watches begin to control her as her tirade proceeds. At the notice of we, nonetheless, JOHN stops in his tracks] JOHN: And exactly who are we, precisely Was there ever a we Are you in any event, discussing you and me CHARLOTTE: (Breathing intensely and talking/snarling through snapped teeth) One day, John One day we'll leave. We'll get out and you'll discover what our identity is. From this scene, the crowd will be acquainted with Charlotte's cell in isolation. The cell ought to have blurred yellow backdrop or yellow painted dividers. Charlotte and the Yellow woman will devise an arrangement to get away and render retribution on John, who has now re-wedded an affluent youthful beneficiary and taken care of his and Charlotte's little youngster. In the wake of getting away, Charlotte and the Yellow Woman will get an arrangement of retribution on John and his new spouse. The child, nonetheless, remains something that the Yellow Woman won't permit Charlotte to recognize the presence of, which will be the wellspring of a few examples of contention between the

Symbolism in Hawthornes free essay sample

Imagery is the act of speaking to things by methods for images or of ascribing representative implications or noteworthiness to items, occasions, or connections. In both of Hawthornes short stories The Ministers Black Veil and The Birthmark show imagery, The Ministers Black Veil represents sin and solid will; The Birthmark represents love and defect. The Ministers Black Veil is an anecdote about a popular Minister in an unassuming community named Mr. Hooper. As the story advances Parson Hooper, an admired resident and extraordinary evangelist starts to wear a dark shroud that covers his face. The gathering of his congregation and individuals around town got inquisitive, upset, and fairly terrified of the dark shroud he wore over his face and why a man of his height would do something like this. What did he do? What was he covering up? All through the story the cover remained on and these inquiries were posed, the individuals got Judgmental of the evangelist and thought about whether his transgression was awful to such an extent that he didnt need his face found in chapel. We will compose a custom paper test on Imagery in Hawthornes or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One thing that grabbed my eye was the means by which uch frenzy this little dark cloak had caused. He couldnt exit in broad daylight with out creating an uproar, youngsters would flee and shout, people would knock some people's socks off, and gaze at him like the man had a plague. His better half even wound up leaving him since she was startled of what he was stowing away or what he had done that made him put on a dark shroud. To the townspeople the dark cover is an image for wrongdoing and what detestable Mr. Hooper could have done to conceal his face in sight of the Lord. That is to say, the individuals didnt even set aside the effort to ask the man for what reason he decided to wear it r if his profound prosperity was 0k. Rather they accepted the most noticeably awful, talk about him despite his good faith and exacerbate things then it really was, possibly he was evaluating another style proclamation for all we know. To me Mr. Hooper was a solid willed individual and this is represented in this story, on the grounds that not once did he down from his choice of wearing the dark cloak despite the fact that the whole town even his better half was against the man. Like astute The Birthmark shows a ton of imagery, for example, Amour love and flaw. In this story there is a drop dead orgeous youngster by the name of Georgiana, and by the manner in which Hawthorne depicts her, shes an ideal ten, with the exception of one skin coloration that exist in favor of her face. In spite of what you may think Georgiana cherishes her skin pigmentation, it is the thing that made her one of a kind and flawed, on the grounds that no one is great so she grasps it. Georgiana is hitched toa man named Aylmer, and hes basically a major narrow minded dick. One day he returns home and gets some information about expelling the skin pigmentation since it stuns him each time he takes a gander at her excellent face. Aylmer is narrow minded nough to inquire as to whether he could expel it and doesnt even think about the outcomes of what may occur after medical procedure, or thought about that Georgiana was 0k with her little flaw. Aylmer at long last persuades Georgiana to have the medical procedure to attempt to evacuate the skin coloration. Test after test Georgiana sees that Aylmer is working tenaciously to evacuate her flaw and expectations that in the event that he succeeds, at that point he will cherish her interminably as much as she adores him. She has the medical procedure and after she rises and shines the pigmentation is no longer on ner tace. Aylmer is delighted that his examination promotion worked, Georgiana perceives how upbeat he that she is currently impeccable in his eyes yet has nothing to state expect for Poor Aylmer in light of the fact that she realize she is kicking the bucket. The imagery in this short story is that there is nothing flawless on this planet and by expelling the defect Aylmer additionally expelled Georgiana from the world. It was through Georgianas Amour love (profound humane love) for Aylmer that she was eager to go to unimaginable lengths for him that he would share that equivalent love for her regardless of whether it implied she needed to pass on for him to acknowledge it.

seattle ? mit

seattle ? mit for a brief moment over the summer i think i truly believed that i was a working adult, living the 9 to 5, subconsciously looking forward to the paycheck every other friday. i thought a lot about how i liked this lifestyle.01 the 9 to 5 i didnt care much for. the software i did was pretty interesting. i liked the feeling of transferring income to a savings account. by august i grew to love the seattle summer, with every sunset being a thousand shades of orange fading into blue. not having work to do after work was a blessing and a curse. i was spending most weeknights by myself in a tired haze, but traveled a lot on weekends to see friends. i spent more time with 20-somethings than something-teens. i regretted not living emin/em seattle instead of the suburbia that is kirkland, because i think it wouldve been a lot more fun, and there would have been more things to do. traveling this summer gave me more perspective as to where id want to live after mit.02 ideally a city, and seattle is quite nice -- im concerned about when its not summer, though natives say its not even as bad as boston or new york. obviously, the Bay exists, though not without its rampant problems. im slightly afraid of the person i would become if i lived in LA. portland is actually pretty cool and felt like a smaller seattle for the weekend i was there. being in new york city for a week before school was a slap in the face after being in the west coast, but it grounded me, and i realized that i liked nyc more than i thought, and that deep down ive always liked nyc, and id want to live there. boston is okay and cute. my mind intermittently drifts towards daydreams of working remote for some western software company while living in japan. being back at mit for only a week has already put me fully back in mit mode.03 its frankly been a jarring transition, both in environment and in lifestyle. id been passively thinking about (and living) life after mit for so long that id almost forgotten i had one more year left. but after the first cc-dormspam, the all-day acapella auditions, the 3am fire alarms, the torrential rain on the first day of classes, and playing tetris on my calendar, we are Fully Back, and it makes me question the time i spent in seattle, and was it even real at all? mit does this to you. i missed mit, and i missed next house and east campus and toons and all the little things about cambridge and boston i didnt even know i missed. im living in a cozy single at the end of the hall. im genuinely excited for every class im taking this semester. ive come out of the summer feeling a lot better (and healthier) about my emotions and relationships. im happy that me and joanna had an adult breakup and that were on good terms and still care a lot about each other. im glad i made new friends. (its refreshing to hang out with people that dont go to mit.) im glad i didnt reject romance. my favorite color changed from blue to pink. first impressions JFK SEA first weekend in seattle -- the great wheel obligatory space needle picture seattle japanese garden seattle japanese garden home for three months view from the top of a hill in kirkland views from the apartment views from the apartment An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next the ramen scene my first seattle ramen bowl @ kizuki (2.5?/5?) kamonegi nanban @ kamonegi - best soba i've ever had :) kotteri ramen @ ooink (3.5?/5?) boxer ramen in portland (3?/5?) tori paitan ramen @ mensho in SF - literally the best ramen i've ever had (!!!) (4.7?/5?) An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next earth porn snoqualmie falls - we went here after failing to navigate to rattlesnake ridge correctly x) spooky roots snoqualmie falls sunsets of lake washington sunsets of lake washington sunsets of lake washington cloudy day over lake washington bench me and sam alki beach on the last night in seattle An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next good people, good memories brekky in LA the day before anime expo :) kevkev with his WAIFU VENDING MACHINE 2E at mensho! things that are Aesthetic also things that are Aesthetic indoor skydiving!!! ryan's eggs are the best (if you know you know) An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next it me finding my home at anime expo with a bunch of slimebois dyed my hair pink (again!) on the poo poo point trail (yes it is called Poo Poo Point) lol An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next miscellaneous things safeway is aesthetic an exhibit in arizona called 'point of view' ada's technical book store! the view from the top of facebook's seattle office (thanks juan) an aesthetic grid the indie game exhibit at the museum of pop culture (mopop)! a random street in seattle obligatory picture of the public market, brimming with tourists :0 karaage at karaage setsuna (so good ;~;) i love the way the book dividers look An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next SEA JFK BOS MIT we're back had to visit this for the meme (the vessel @ hudson yards, nyc) back at mit audition season ?? the boston sunsets aren't bad either :) mau's room on 5W went to yume with all the mit godaddy interns ?? cambridge can be pretty too room 276, next house - my home for one last year An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next a seattle playlist   04 a (very roughly) chronological summary of what i listened to this summer Post Tagged #i'm a senior wtf #internship #ramen #seattle the 9 to 5 i didn't care much for. the software i did was pretty interesting. i liked the feeling of transferring income to a savings account. by august i grew to love the seattle summer, with every sunset being a thousand shades of orange fading into blue. not having work to do after work was a blessing and a curse. i was spending most weeknights by myself in a tired haze, but traveled a lot on weekends to see friends. i spent more time with 20-somethings than something-teens. i regretted not living in seattle instead of the suburbia that is kirkland, because i think it would've been a lot more fun, and there would have been more things to do. back to text ? ideally a city, and seattle is quite nice -- i'm concerned about when it's not summer, though natives say it's not even as bad as boston or new york. obviously, the Bay exists, though not without its rampant problems. i'm slightly afraid of the person i would become if i lived in LA. portland is actually pretty cool and felt like a smaller seattle for the weekend i was there. being in new york city for a week before school was a slap in the face after being in the west coast, but it grounded me, and i realized that i liked nyc more than i thought, and that deep down i've always liked nyc, and i'd want to live there. boston is okay and cute. my mind intermittently drifts towards daydreams of working remote for some western software company while living in japan. back to text ? it's frankly been a jarring transition, both in environment and in lifestyle. i'd been passively thinking about (and living) 'life after mit' for so long that i'd almost forgotten i had one more year left. but after the first cc-dormspam, the all-day acapella auditions, the 3am fire alarms, the torrential rain on the first day of classes, and playing tetris on my calendar, we are Fully Back, and it makes me question the time i spent in seattle, and was it even real at all? mit does this to you. back to text ? a (very roughly) chronological summary of what i listened to this summer back to text ?

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening. - 1534 Words

The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment were two historical events that shaped the thoughts of people and religion in America. The most important factor in both of these events is the common theme of reason behind the movements. The Great Awakening began about the 1930s and reached its climax ten years later in 1740. What exactly was the Great Awakening? It was a wave of religion revivals sweeping through New England that increased conversions and church membership. The beginnings of the Great Awakening were in Pennsylvania and New Jersey among Presbyterians and then spread to the Puritans and Baptists of New England. They were encouraged to confess sins done freely to the church in order to receive forgiveness. This whole movement was†¦show more content†¦People started to look at religion differently. Puritan theology focused on what God had done for the people. Now, people started to look at what man could do because of the gifts God had bestowed on us. The responsibili ty for salvation is not Gods but mans himself. Now Enlightenment had the concepts of reasons but they didnt agree with having to confess and humble themselves before the Almighty like the people of the Great Awakening. People close to the Enlightenment celebrated the human race and its capacities, they had argued they were worshiping God more appropriately than anyone else. They believed that some humans were like God, created not only in his own imagine, but that humans also shared his same creative power and people such as painters, musicians, and scholars, by these people practicing their intellectual powers were fulfilling their divine purposes. So like the Great Awakening they did look more at what them as humans could do for themselves, but in a much larger degree. Developments in England, such as the Glorious Revolution, the scientific methods and the rise of the parliamentary government made their way into the colonies, at this time. The Enlightenment began though, in Europe and then came to America around the early eighteenth century. The reason it mostlyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Awakening And The Enlightenment866 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Awakening and the Enlightenment both profoundly impacted the American Revolution. Both ideas brought about a better understanding of the role of government in governing its people, the function of religion in the State, and a more general keener awareness of the rights of man. However, overall, the Enlightenment played the most pivotal role in bringing the American Revolution to fruition. The Great Awakening’s goal was to merely enhance the role of religion in people’s lives, and didRead MoreEnlightenment And The Great Awakening814 Words   |  4 Pages In the 18th century, Enlightenment and the Great Awakening changed the idea of freedom for the colonists. The Great Awakening was a time of religious revival in the colonies. Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 18th century which emphasized economic and political freedom. American and British tensions grew in this time period due to Britain wanting America to be under the king’s control. Enlightenment, the Great Awakening, the Founding Fathers, and different social groups changed theRead MoreThe Great Awakening And Enlightenment991 Words   |  4 Pages The ages of Great Awakening and Enlightenment were two of the earliest movements in the early colonies. These movements proved that people can be influenced in many different ways in relation to politics and religion. The Great Awakening called for the revival of the evangelical movement, while the age of Enlightenment took the focus off of the traditional church and dared colonists to apply individualistic views of religion, thus birthing many new religious denominations that challenged traditionalRead MoreThe First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment1663 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters, feelings, and most importantly God. As the Age of Enlightenment gradually came to an end, the British American colonists were ready to progress beyond the ideology of human reason and depend solely on biblical revelation. During the eighteenth century, a great movement known as the First Great Awakening swept through Protestant Europe and America, leaving a permanent impact on Protestantism. Furthermore, during the First Great Awakening, American colonists gained a deeper sense of personal revelationRead MoreThe Enlighment and the Great Awakening Influence on the American Revolution741 Words   |  3 PagesBoth the Enlightenment and the Great awakening caused the colonists to alter their views about government, the role of government, as well as society at large which ultimately and collectively helped to motivate the colonists to revolt against England. The Enlightenment was vital in almost every part of the founding of America, which included everything from government, to politics itself, as well as religion. Many of the ideas from the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening shaped our country asRead MoreA Leader Of Large Scale Boycotts On British Goods1445 Words   |  6 Pagesevents like the Great Awakening and Enlightenment, and the emergence of unique opinions like the Whig ideology. However, the colonists continued to demonstrate close ties to their mother country through satisfaction with the mercantilist policies controlling trade in the colonies. Although mercantilism imposed by the British brought the colonies and England closer, the concepts of individual liberty and choice that arose in pre-Revolutionary America through the Great Awakening, Enlightenment, and WhigRead MoreThe Founding Fathers The Politicians Who Led Colonial Assemblies And Congresses1522 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough events like the Great Awakening and Enlightenment, and the emergence of parties such as the Whigs. Meanwhile, they continued to hold close ties to their mother country through imitative actions caused b y the mercantilist policies controlling trade and taxes. Although mercantilism imposed by the British brought the colonies and England closer, the ideas of individual liberty and choice that arose in pre-Revolutionary America including the Great Awakening, Enlightenment, and Whig ideologies dividedRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution was not just a spontaneous revolt over taxes some may think . There were many things that led up to the outbreak of the American Revolution, such as the Navigation Act, the Enlightenment, the Great Awakening, the French and Indian War, the Boston Massacre, and the Coercive Acts. It took many years for it to take place. This all started previously before 1775 with the first major event being the Navigation Acts of 1651. The Navigation Act of 1651 was an attempt to put moreRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War For Independence779 Words   |  4 Pagespolitics, culture, and religion. Politics were a significant cause because the colonist disliked the rules and regulations of the Charter that the King established. Culture also caused the Revolution due to the rational thinking of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment gave the colonist the thought of self governing instead of being under the royal leader. Finally, Religion also impacted the American Revolution because Religion contributed the idea that the church should voice their opinion on governmentRead MoreImpact Of The Columbian Exchange On The New World Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesII the brother in law to England’s Queen Elizabeth. This defeat gave strength to the Protestant cause across Europe. It also confirmed England’s naval supremacy, and it gave way to further colonization in America. Queen Elizabeth was looked at a s a great rules after this defeat of her brother in law. 5. Describe the â€Å"Headright system†. - This system gave male English colonist who bought a share in the Virginia Company and also could pay for their passage to Virginia would be given 50 acres upon arrival

Christianity And The Roman Empire - 1775 Words

After a long fought battle by Christians to belong Christianity flourished and spread throughout the Roman Empire. â€Å"Christianity, the core religion of the West, was born within the Roman Empire and was greatly influenced by Roman law and organization†(Perry 167). Whether or not Rome wanted Christianity it was there to stay. According to Spielvogel â€Å"Christianity fulfilled the human need to belong†(175). Christians formed a bond and communities where people could express their love by helping each other and assisting the needy. It made people feel more like the belonged in a way that just the Roman Empire could not do. The Roman Empire was way too big and impersonal that people needed an outlet and needed a way to feel like they were apart of something bigger than themselves. â€Å"The ideal of a single Christian society embracing many different nationalities, so dear to medieval thinkers, was superimposed on the model of the Roman Empire† (Perry 167). No matter what Christianity was spreading rapidly and the Romans were going to embrace this new religion and ended up building a successful empire around its ideals. Much like the Roman Empire the founders of the United States built this country off of Christian ideals. The separation of church and state can be defined as â€Å"a political and legal doctrine that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from each other. The term most often refers to the combination of two principles: secularity ofShow MoreRelatedChristianity And The Roman Empire979 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of the Roman Empire, religion has always been a big influence in this state. Romans were polytheists believed in many Gods, they had the God of sun, moon, rain, etc†¦ But it was after the third century when Christianity started to form part and get a place in the Roman Empire. Christianity made a huge impact in Rome. Also, followers of this religion suffere d from emperor’s thoughts and conclusion about Christianity. Furthermore, the Christians were in persecution for many years;Read MoreChristianity And The Roman Empire979 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Roman Empire. Many of the people turned away from the god of old and began to believe in a god that gave salvation and hope. Salvation from this life and onto the next. This ideology would eventually come in many different forms, languages, and ideas. However, they were all waved under one flag and one religion; the cause of Christianity. The Gospel of Matthew: Chapters 4-7 quite accurately covers the main threats that Christianity posed to the Roman Empire. Why was Christianity such a majorRead MoreThe Christianity Of The Roman Empire1170 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1st century C.E the religion of Christianity was formed from the life, death, and resurrection of its saviour Jesus Christ in 33 C.E. Christianity emerged in the Middle East which at the time was called the Greco-Ro man world because the Jews were under the control of Greeks and then the Roman Empire. At that time in the Middle East the most prominent religion was Judaism, they believed in the coming of their Messiah. Many of the Jews in the early formation of the Church believed that JesusRead MoreThe Between Roman Empire And Christianity851 Words   |  4 Pages(1) Describe the interrelation between the Roman Empire and Christianity by examining the following: (a) Emperor Constantine (b) The Latin Language (c) Church Ritual. The Roman Empire was extremely instrumental in the growth and spread of Christianity. It was already about 400 years old at the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian faith, and directly influenced his life. The Roman Empire saw the growing Christian cult as threat, and ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. The followersRead MoreChristianity During The Roman Empire1526 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity in Rome Religion is an important feature in most cultures throughout time. Different religions have been more prominent than others, one of the most popular being Christianity. Christianity developed during the time of the Roman Empire. It began as a minority religion and grew into something much more than that. Christianity’s importance to the empire increased over time. At first, Christian values seemed different than those of pagan Roman civilization and Romans were not sure how toRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Of The Roman Empire1350 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine and Christianity in the Roman Empire Religion has always been an important force in the lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marked a turning point of the Roman world and drove the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’sRead MoreEssay on Success of Christianity in the Roman Empire852 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Roman Civilization where the prevalent worship of roman gods were impersonal and did not provide a moral base or a message of hope, in the fourth century Christianity was formed, born as a movement within Judaism Christianity emphasized the personal relationship between God and people slowly spread through the Roman Empire until ultimately dominating the western culture. Three of the several factors that aided to the growth of Christianity in the Roman Empire were; the central beliefs andRead MoreChristianity And The Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1349 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Western Roman Empire as it related to theatre but I was intrigued to learn more. It didn’t seem sensible that the fall of the Western Empire would be placed, even a little, on the rise of Christianity during that time. It didn’t seem sensible for two reasons. The first reason is that Jesus Christ, in whom the Christians believed, had been born, lived, and crucified over 400 years before the Empire fell. His lifetime spanned only until the second emperor of the Roman Empire, before Rome’s crookedRead MoreEssay on The Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire1117 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Which Led to the Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire Christianity was not born in a vacumn. There were many social, geographical, historical and religious issues prevailing at the time of Christ and all of which were favorable to the spread of Christianity. Geograpicly, Christianity came into being in the Meditation world, the largest of the various centers of civilization at that time. Israel stands almost central to the five continents, dividingRead MoreChristianity s Domination Of The Roman Empire1253 Words   |  6 PagesSome may credit Christianity’s domination of the Roman Empire to Constantine’s Edict of Milan. This edict was a continuation of the Edict of Galerius, which essentially stated that despite the disapproval of the Roman government, Christians were allowed to continue worshipping, as long as they prayed for the well being of the state and allowed the government some control of the magistrates (Knipfing 697). The Edict of Milan furthered this by granting â€Å"both to Christians and to all men freedom of

Nature Vs. Nurture in Mary Shelley´s Frankenstein

Nature vs. Nurture Francis Galton, the English Victorian polymath first coined the term, Nature vs. Nurture in 1871, when he considered how much influence our upbringing had on our fate, and whether or not our destiny was preset. Long before the term Nature vs. Nurture was coined, Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, Frankenstein, explored the idea of nature vs. nurture in the context of creation. The greatest exemplification of Nature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein is explored in the fate of the Creature, who begins his life a seemingly pure creation but eventually involves himself in violent revenge against his creator, Frankenstein. The examination of the Creature’s character must include an overall evaluation of the role Frankenstein had in his life, or lack there of. Within the analysis of Frankenstein’s Creation, the reader is subject to the scientific exploration aspect of the Nature vs. Nurture argument. Finally, we as readers are exposed to how the role of solitude in the evolution of Frankenstein’s character as well as the Creature brings the novel full circle in the evaluation of Nature vs. Nurture, and how much control one has when they decide to play God. In Shelley’s novel, the Creature is responsible for the murder and destruction of his creator, Frankenstein’s, family members and eventual life. The Creature, throughout the novel, is identified as a â€Å"monster,† which can be defined as, â€Å"one who deviates from normal or acceptable behavior or character; a threatening force†Show MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Mary Shelley s Frankenstein2057 Words   |  9 PagesIn Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the theme of nature versus nurture is seen throughout the novel. Freud and many psychologists state that nature and nurture influence development because genes and environment, biological and social factors direct life courses, and their effects intertwine. Through the Creature s continual rejection by society and Victor , Mary Shelley shows that social rejection altars the Creature’s attitude towards society and pushes him to be vengeful. In Frankenstein the CreatureRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Nature Vs Nurture1857 Words   |  8 PagesEasily one of the most notable themes in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the role of nature versus nurture in developing children, recurs throughout the novel with the two main characters, Frankenstein and his creature, believing in opposite sides of this theme. Favoring nature, Frankenstein maintains that the creature was always evil from the moment of creation, regardless of the creature’s experiences. However, the creature, in his narrative to Frankenstein, argues that â€Å"[he] was benevolent and good;Read MoreFrankenstein : Are Monsters Born Or Created?1058 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein: Are Monsters Born or Created? Throughout the novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley, the creature is subjected to countless acts of violence and rejection. For a monster to develop, one must have been formerly exploited either by an individual or their society. The creature is not only a physical product of science, but his atrocious behavior is also an explicit result of Victor’s actions toward him. The creature was not born a monster, but slowly morphed into one as he experiencesRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Modern Prometheus3901 Words   |  16 Pages â€Å"Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus†, by Mary Wollstonecraft (Godwin) Shelley Mary Shelley s novel Frankenstein is best known for its influence in popular culture through many film adaptations. It is in fact, however, one of the great novels of ideas. Write an essay that discusses in what sense you think it is a novel of ideas. What are its claims about human reason and human nature? Shelley explores some aspects of human nature, specifically human lust for power and the unfortunate way weRead MoreThemes of Frankenstein3337 Words   |  14 PagesThemes of Frankenstein Frequently, literature is intended to convey a significant idea or theme to it s readers regarding events that occur in our everyday existence. Occasionally these ideas appear in the context of straightforward characterization, but in some literatures, such as Marry Shelley s Frankenstein, these themes come to us in the guise of monsters, goliaths, dragons, gods, and myriads of fantasy-like components that express meaning in ways impossible within the boundaries of realityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe women in Frankenstein were pure, lifeless and innocent. Elizabeth stands up for Justine’s innocence but cannot prevent her execution. For both Victor and the monster, woman were the last thing they would ask for help, providing comfort and acceptance. For Victor, Elizabeth takes away his guilty conscience. The monster choses female of his kind to feel his awful existence. Both end up destroying the other’s love interest, making woman’s status from object of desire to object of revenge, whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1054 Words   |  5 Pagesshow the control and dominance that men have in society. Frankenstein is particularly notable for its number of absent mothers. This may link to Mary Shelley’s own life, as her birth caused the death of her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft. The main absent mother in the novel, is the motherless monster. Although the monster was not born, he was created by Victor Frankenstein who he sees as a mother figure. Margaret Homans argues that while Frankenstein is creating the monster – while he is pregnant with itRead MoreSome Readers Have Seen Frankenstein as an Illustration of the Fear of the Power of Science. to What Extent Do You Agree with This View Based on Your Reading so Far?1734 Words   |  7 Pagesenlightenment where philosophical thought began and mans concern for a greater psychological form developed. However, duri ng this time of enlightenment and exploration, the values of religion and ethical thought challenged science and its moral reasoning. Frankenstein could be seen as an illustration of the fear of the power of science due to these social changes; however there is evidence within the text to support other aspects such as society and religion being the focal point of fear. On a basic level,Read MoreAn Analysis of Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelly wrote Frankenstein in a time of wonder. A main wonder was whether you could put life back into the dead. Close to the topic of bringing life back into the dead was whether you could create your own being, like selective breeding however with more power. Perhaps she chose to write this story opposing to one of a Ghost as she felt it was more relevant to her era and wanted to voice her own opinions and concerns to what the future may hold. Playing God, pinching corpses, pretention isRead MoreHomosexuality in Victorian and Elizabethan Literature.6608 Words   |  27 Pagesstory about a vampire that challenged the Victorian gender roles and managed to reverse them, making men faint like women, and making women powerful like men, and called it Dracula. Mary Shelley created a a physical being out of a mans suppressed homosexuality due to his Victorian male upbringing; a man named Frankenstein. Robert Stevenson described what happens when a homosexual male attempts to live double lives to cover up his true feelings, and entitled it The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr

Key Statistics for Merthyr Tydfil

Question: Describe about the Key Statistics for Merthyr Tydfil? Answer: Situational Analysis In order to perform a situational analysis for Trinity Child we can perform PEST Analysis and SWOT analysis. PEST Analysis Political There are not many political factors which affects a childcare organization in the UK. There are employment policies for the employees and the regulations for the operation of childcare organization but otherwise the laws, national and local authorities are favorable for this business. Economic From macro-economics standpoint, UK is on track to become the fastest economy in the G7 countries and among the european union. (Allen, 2014). Apart from that things that specifically affect the childcare industry are factors such as population growth, child population, employment, income growth and childcare costs. All these factors are in favour of Trinity because a favorable general population growth and a stable child-population growth i.e., live births means favorable business for Trinity as older childrens will be replaced by new borns. A decreasing unemployment rate means more and more people are able to afford childcare services which in turn creates more demand for Trinity. This is also favourable for Trinity because unemployment has been on a decline in UK. Apart from that, household incomes are on the lower side in Merthyr Tydfil county which makes non-commercial childcare more appealing as an alternative to the commercial childcare services (Aelodau, 2008). Technological With technological advances of the internet and access to cheap and high-speed internet access, mothers all around the UK are now more internet adept and are accessing information on topics such as childcare, health among others (Aelodau, 2008). At the same time, the use of social web has also boomed (LLC, 2013). This makes it an excellent opportunity for Trinity child to utilize such avenues to reach out to more and more mothers in UK. Social Increasing belief among parents who believe childcare is not just a mother's responsibility. However majority of mothers are still unable to make use of child care primarily because it is expensive. At the same time, research has proven that from birth to 6 years are the crucial period where lots of skills needed to attain higher level education and social adjustment are attained at the same time a child without a pre-school education suffered from lower cognitive output. SWOT Analysis Strengths The first obvious strength is that its an extremely low cost offering from commercial services. m A wide variety of service offerings which uniquely fills various gaps in traditional commercial service providers. Easy to attract fresh talent as theres a large pool of highly motivated and dedicated volunteers ready to take part in a community-oriented organization Weaknesses weak capital reserve The entire organization depends upon donation largely so if the flow of donation falls short, their operations would suffer. This would put them at a weaker spot compared to their competitors.The majority team would be young to begin with and have little to no experience because most of them would be volunteers. Threats Threat of competition from for-profit service providers Competitors could quite easily promote their businesses in better way because of sufficient marketing budget Mindset of parents since they might equate a not-for-profit venture with lousy and careless service An increasing household income in future could generally mean that parents would be able to afford commercial alternatives which in itself might be a deterrent from non-commercial service providers. Opportunities Late entrant to the market hence have the opportunity to learn from others mistakes and position their service in a better way WG Policy focusing on child poverty Sponsorship opportunities Opportunity to attract fresh talent from the large community of volunteers who could help in operations as well as in the ground-level marketing campaigns Could attain an opportunity wherein the organization can feature and thereby market itself among social organizations, ngos and other such networks Business Objectives Mission To improve life chances and support social inclusion of children and their families within the community, provided through a community owned Child and Family Centre providing education, affordable quality childcare, family support and health services Objectives To improve the life chances and support the social inclusion of children and families. To improve educational, health and economic prospects of children and families however that family may be defined. Marketing Objectives (SMART Approach) Marketing Objectives in general Increasing brand awareness among parents of methy county in the age group of 20 to 55 in the first year of the marketing plan Increasing awareness of prime services offered by Trinity from nonexistent to atleast 10% of the target market in the first year of marketing plan Achieving an 80% fill-rate of the class of the entire child care servicing unit in its first year of the commencement of the marketing plan Recruit over 100 volunteers from different volunteering platform to carry-out the ground level marketing Digital Marketing specific objectives Creating a digital presence based on analysis of similar organisations and best practices in the industry, so that visitors using the digital media will be more likely to engage with Trinity CFC and its products/services Securing unique page names and usernames on Social Media pages on platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Integrating all channels of digital communication and marketing with the website as well as offline communication channels Initiating the digital marketing strategy Conducting a digital marketing research for SEO to identify keywords relevant to Trinity and the industry in general. Finding at least 50 such keywords To conduct a further research on keywords to identify their placement in the content of the website, how frequently they are used, amount traffic they attract, etc. density of a keyword in a particular page, high density keywords provides good rank of the page. Besides them highlighting of content is also there like html . Conducting a digital marketing research to identify some potential and other avenues for both paid and free digital banner-based and link based advertising. Identify at least 20 high-traffic paid websites for banner advertising as well as 10 high-traffic free websites for banner and link based advertising. Conducting a digital marketing research to identify keywords and phrases to be used for SEM. Identifying at least 20 such keywords relevant to the organization and the industry.The placement of ads will be performed by adsense tool of Google and similar tools from Bing and Yahoo. Designing of landing pages on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube by paying particular attention to the branding use on websites so as to ensure homogeneity. Identifying potential sub-groups, pages , tags and platforms on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to help carry out paid advertising on these platforms effectively reaching the most specific target audience. Growth with digital marketing strategy Receiving 3000 unique visitors every month by the end of the first year Achieve a ranking of 1st page in at least 5 high ranking keywords on major search engines by the end of first year Achieve a ranking within first 3 pages in at least 20 high to medium ranking keywords on major search engines Attaining at least 20% of visitors on the site from SEO alone by the end of the first year Attaining at least 20% of the visitors on the site from Social Media Marketing alone by the end of first year Attaining a return of 50 visitors from 10GBP spent on paid marketing initiatives Spend no more than 2.2GBP average per click Achieve a CTR rate in excess of 2.3% by the end of first year Achieving at least 50,000 of genuine followers on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter combined from the target market Optimizing website as well as social media pages with the most relevant keywords Engage with at least 5% of the connected followers on social media pages using analytics and listening tools Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Segmentation Parents with young kids are our entire market. If we try to segment the market, we get the following divisions: Stay-at-home parents with infants Stay-at-home parents with 1 to 3 years old kid Stay-at-home parents with 3 to 5 years old kid Working parents with infants Working parents with 1 to 3 years old kid Working parents with 3 to 5 years old kid Targeting However the focused segment would be stay at home parents with infants, working parents with infants as well as stay at home parents with 1 to 3 year old kids and working parents with 1 to 3 year old kids. This is because of two reasons. First, the organization wants to keep its focus narrow and provide only those services which they can deliver effectively and secondly because this is group where most of the parents look out for child care services. Positioning The services would be positioned in such a way that the segment group finds it attractive. The segment group with working and staying-at-home parents with infant kids would be attracted because their child would be taken care by women who had been mothers. So its ensured that there will be utmost care and diligence and that their kids would be in safest hands. While the other segment wherein both working and stay-at-home parents with kids of 1-3 year old would be attracted because their kids would be put in a stimulating and fun environment which is dynamic, safe and educational for them so that they could learn skills required for higher education and better adjustment in life. However in both of the case, well-trained and well-behaved staff, safety and security will be a common element. Tactical Plan Social Media Marketing Plan Non-paid activities - This tactic will include news sharing, content uploading, company updates and success stories. The news will be gathered from government organization which publish our achievements The content will be displayed on our website. The content will be dynamic and will get replaced with most updated content i.e. statistics and success stories. The content and company updates will be prepared by the companys staff on the basis of feedbacks received from organizations events. The content can be the upgraded statistics of the company and video recording of the events held and volunteers. In addition to the companys site, the free marketing tools will also be employed - Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. A facebook page of the organization will be made and targeted to segments which are mentioned in above section. Every news and new updates will be posted here. A youtube channel will be created where recorded events are uploaded. The updates will be posted on Pinterest as it has a higher number female visitors. Engaging with audience - On every single Facebook like, a thankful message will be posted. Every single comment will receive a specific reply. It can be an answer to the query or starting conversation by dragging the user on the website. Facebook posts will have images of various events, volunteers and each of them will be tagged to maintain a connectivity with the visitors. Special issues will be posted on Facebook and Twitter which will initiate the conversation and finally bring them on the website. Opinions polls on same issues will also be conducted on Facebook along with some quizzes and organizational content. Following digital marketing and social media marketing ethics will be considered to maintain the consistency of tools and messages - Ensuring consistency on all platform (i.e., timing of updates, number of updates per day, writing style consistency, consistency in messages being conveyed etc) Ensuring only useful and interactive contents Ensuring content are short, objective and free from any abuse and bias Any important comments/replies from people sohuld be taken into consideration, any question should be followed up with a reply etc Paid activities - Picking up the best news, contents, updates and stories and marketing on the identified pages, hashtags, groups etc from above and then creating an ad based on that and then targeting the right audience. The placement of ads will be governed by adsense tool. Search Engine Optimization Plan Onsite-SEO Keywords research and analysis Keywords Implementation - The keywords will be placed in meta tags of the pages. The high-traffic keywords will be placed in the heading of pages i.e. title tags, headings, alt tags of images and internal links. All the URLs will have descriptive title tags (GoogleUserContent, 2015). The canonical link tags will also be added. The speed of a page loading will also be recorded along with density of keywords. Keywords tracking Search engine submission Offsite-SEO The keywords will be placed in the anchor text i.e. name of the link (Bargeron, 2001). There will be no dead links. The traffice will increase as the links will be placed on the quality link partners which are already established. The site will be submitted to web and industry directories which confirms the legitimacy of site. Google analyitcs will be used to generate website traffic reports. Link Building Article Submission on directories Directory submission Classified sites submission Paid Search Engine and Banner Marketing The content will include the recently held events and percentage increase in the number of volunteers and people served irrespective of nationaltiy. Google, Bing, Yahoo will targeted in the first two years. Thereafter, depending on the nationalities of people, country-specific search engine will also be targeted. Apart from this, paid marketing will also include advertising on high traffic websites which are related to theme of this website. These may include high-traffic sites, sites such as WHO and UNESCO. Action Plan Team member Job description Team 1 (size of 3-5) Build awareness and engage with people on facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Marketing campaign launch first on Facebook with Twitter and YouTube to follow. Creating of website content Creating of daily posts Monday to Friday. Engaging with audience on all Social Media platforms Post engaging questions Mention about personal life experiences Monitoring of performance and recording it in a separate spreadsheet Team 2 (size of 1-2) Carry out Facebook, Twitter and YouTube advertisements Creating of content and creatives wherever necessary for the same Monitoring performance of advertisements Team 3 (size of 2-3) Keywords research Competitor Analysis Keywords implementation Article Submission Link building Directory submission Monitoring of performance using analytical tools on a spreadsheet Team 4 (size of 1-2) Identifying websites and other avenues for paid marketing iniatives Carrying out paid marketing activities on Search engines Monitoring performance of paid marketing activities Performance measurements Key performance measurements include visitors to websites, ranking of keywords on search engines, receiving visitors via SEO, receiving visitors via social media marketing and attaining a certain amount of followers or likes on social media accounts of the organization. Visitors on website are to be measured with the help of an in-built website analytics tools such as Google Analytics and an external analysis tool such as compete.com (Google, 2015). The performance and metrics, will be noted down in a spreadsheet every week with a performance review every quarter. The ranking of keywords will be tracked with the help of search engine specific keyword tool and its performance will be monitored daily. The CTC rate will be monitored daily. In order to ascertain, the number of visitors on the site from SEO and from Social Media the in-built analytics tool such as Google Analytics will be used. This calculation will be done quarterly. All of the paid marketing initiatives including search engine advertising, banner advertising and article advertising will be summarized weekly and its ROI will be measured. The benchmark here being 20 visitors / 10 GBP and a max of 2.2 GBP per click. Inbuilt analytical tools of the social media platforms will be used to understand the engagement, reachability, impact and growth rate. Control and Measurements Measurements related to the specific objectives of the digital marketing plan are outlined earlier in this document which includes visitors to website, followers on social media accounts, keywords and their impact among others. The responsibility and frequency of measurements has been listed earlier. Measurements actually happens daily automatically in the background, only it is observed and noted down at specific intervals. Measurements are to be reviewed every quarter. A mathematical formulation will be prepared in order to predict if the objectives will be met by the end of the year or not, if it is found that the current trend does not paint a favourable picture at the end of the year then additional funding, team and / or activities will be employed to correct the variance in the long run. However, a variance of +/- 10% is ignored. References Aelodau, G. (2008).Key Statistics for Merthyr Tydfil. [online] Wales. Available at: https://www.assembly.wales/NAfW%20Documents/merthyr_tydfil.pdf%20-%2018042008/merthyr_tydfil-English.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Allen, K. (2014).UK on track to be fastest growing G7 economy despite slowdown. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/24/uk-economic-growth-slows [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Bargeron, D. (2001).Robustly Anchoring Annotations Using Keywords. [online] Microsoft. Available at: https://research.microsoft.com/pubs/69898/tr-2001-107.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Google, (2015).Google analytics. [online] Available at: https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//grants/education/Google_Analytics_Training.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. GoogleUserContent, (2015).Search Engine Optimization Starter Guide. [online] Available at: https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. LLC, B. (2013).2013 UK Report. [online] BabyCenterSolutions. Available at: https://www.babycentersolutions.com/docs/BabyCentre_2013_UK_Social_Mum_Report.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Answer: Marketing Objectives (SMART Approach)

Pregnancy assignment Essay Example

Pregnancy assignment Essay Mother 0-40 weeks 4-5 weeks This is about the time that you will miss your first period but you may not realize youre pregnant. 6-7 weeks We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You may feel more tiered than ever or you may vomit or not even feel any of these. A test will confirm youre pregnant. 8-9 weeks There is a rapid rise in the production of hormones from the placenta and ovary to adapt for pregnancy, so you may feel nauseous. Your wombs sufficiently large for a doctor to confirm that you are pregnant, by internal examination. 10 weeks You may start to notice that you are putting on weight and your bones; breasts in particular may be getting heavier. Buy a good support bra. 12 weeks You have now missed two periods and have no doubts that you are pregnant. You may notice increased skin pigmentation in various parts of your body, and a brown line may appear up the middle of your stomach. You may still be nauseous and vomiting. 16 weeks This is the stage of pregnancy that may test for normality is carried out and you may have another ultrasound scan. All morning sickness will normally have disappeared as you enter the stage that most women look their best. Your pregnancy may start to show although if you start to have good abdomen muscles and on the small side. Your tighter clothes will start to not fit you now. 20 weeks If this is your first pregnancy you will probably feel the baby for the first time. You may get a fluttering sensation as your pregnancy progresses, these movements become definite kicks and you will be able to tell whether the elbow/bottom or foot is doing the kicking. Tell your midwife or gp when you first feel a movement. 24 weeks Your abdomen in getting large as time is passing and you may start to develop stretch marks. A doctor may be able to hear your babys heartbeat ask to listen. The increasing size and weight of your womb will also affect your posture, and you will throw back your shoulders and stick your bottom in and relax if you take regular exercise this helps. This is the time your shoes need to be comfortable because you are gaining weight and try to spend time with your feet up. 26 weeks Your heart and lungs are now doing 50% more work than they did before you were pregnant make sure that your eating well. 28 weeks You will probably start having antenatal appointments every two weeks from now on. This is the earliest which you can begin your maternity leave, if you work consider when you might want to stop working you must give 21 days notice, make sure you are getting plenty of sleep and enough rest. 30 weeks Most babies have now turned head down in the womb and are likely to stay here. The upward pressure on your abdomen may take more time and more difficultly to breathe properly. If you have other children make arrangements now for their care even if you have a home birth, and its best prepared incase something goes wrong. 34 weeks Kicks and punches will now be very clear. If you have stopped work spend time relaxing, read a book, go for a walk, rest. Make sure you are getting plenty of sleep and eat well. 36 weeks The pressure of the head on you bladder may make you want to urinate frequently including at night so that getting a good nights sleep may be difficult. Try to catch up during the day. From now on your antenatal appointments will be every week. Pack your bag for hospital and keep important phone numbers handy. Make sure you can always contact your partner if you need him. You may feel quite strong contractions of you abdomen know as braxton hicks contractions, they occur through pregnancy. 40 Weeks Get plenty of rest catnaps during the day to make up for the lost sleep at night. If you feel up for it go for a walk or swim. If not trying to relax in a bath. Many women get an urge to spring clean, tidying. Out pops a newborn baby!!!! Pregnancy Symptoms In addition to the change in monthly cycle here are a few of the other early pregnancy symptoms that you can expect to notice. Nausea Nausea coupled with vomiting are often early signs of pregnancy and can start within a few weeks of contraception although referred to as morning sickness, it can actually be at anytime during the day. It will affect you at the same time everyday for a few weeks. You need to be drinking plenty of fluids to avoid becoming dehydrated. Spotting Sometimes a slight spotting will occur approx 8-10 days after ovulation. Its light amount of bleeding not painful or harming you. This spotting is caused by fertilized egg as it attaches itself to the endometrias lining of the uterus. Fatigue A feeling of over whelming fatigue, around 3rd to 4th week until the second trimester at which time you will experience a sudden burst of energy, caused by changes in your body. Breast tenderness Generally during the first month of conception, you will start o experience tenderness in one or both breasts. You will find even a slight touch will cause discomfort and they may swell. The veins in the breast become more visible and the nipples darken in color and become more erect. Wear a good support bra. Frequent urination More trips to the bathroom. The uterus growing and swelling as it makes room for the growing fetus. Growth puts pressure on the uterus, adds pressure to bladder. As the fetus grows you will be making more trips. Lightheadedness or fainting This occurs during the first few months as your body changes because your now nourishing another life and you will need an increased supply if you dont eat frequent, small amounts, your blood sugar levels may drop, making you dizzy or light headed. Confirmation Pregnancy test HCG- (human chlorionic gonadotrophin) in present in the urine of pregnant women and reach the highest level at 8th week can be detected 10 days to 16 weeks after contraception. Enlargement of uterus. Diet During Pregnancy Pregnant women need to eat a healthy balanced diet. A healthy diet during pregnancy: 1. Fruit and vegetables- at least 5 portions a day 2. Sugar and fat- only a very small amount 3. Dairy- low fat is best 4. Meat, fish and eggs- more protein foods should be eaten in pregnancy. 5. Carbohydrates- needed for energy Food requirement Why pregnant women need it. Where it is found Folic acid Prevents spina bifida in the body Fruit green leafy vegetables, beans, potatoes, carrots breakfast cereal, bread Vitamin c For healthy skin, heal wounds and prevent scurvy, pregnant women need more so some goes to the baby. Fresh fruit and vegetables Calcium Helps babys bones develop Dairy products and leafy vegetables Iron Bay stores enough iron for six months after birth Red meat, eggs, apricots, bread and cereal Fibre Avoids constipation Fruit, vegetables and whole meal bread Vegetarian mums Vegetarian mums need to make sure they get enough protein by having extra eggs and milk. Vegetarian mums need to take vitamin B12 supplements- this is found only in animal protein and is needed for fetal development and breast feeding. Some foods should be avoided: Unpateurised milk e.g. Pate, uncooked meat can contain bacteria. Listeria infections cause miscarriage, stillbirth and other damages to the baby. Raw eggs- food made with raw eggs e.g. mayonnaise can cause salmonella. Reheated ready meals- cause risk of food poisoning and tux plasmodia, which can cause brain damages in the body, miscarriage and stillbirth. Peanuts- can give baby a nut allergy, which is very dangerous and can kill. Tuna- Tuna causes enough mercury to damage fetus. Exercise, Posture and Rest Theres no reason for a women to stop exercising because shes pregnant. * Exercise keeps muscles toned * Exercise stops women from putting o too much weight during pregnancy. * Regular exercise helps sleep, after exercise its easier to relax. * Labor and birth are hard work. Like all hard work its much easier to do if youre fit. Exercise such as horse riding, skiing, snowboarding is not suitable for pregnant women. Exercise also helps: * Constipation * Backache * Fatigue * Varicose veins * Circulation problems * Meeting other mums to be Exercise boosts your immune system and provides the circulation and energy levels needed to help you conceive enjoy your pregnancy and prepare you body fro labor. Posture Tips * Kneel or squat to pick things up dont bend over * When getting up from lying down, roll on to your side and get up. * Sit up straight in a chair and use a cushion fro support Good posture Standing tall, spine is straight and the weight is nicely balanced. Bad posture The spine is arched and the bum is sticking out too much. Rest Pregnant women need some rest every day. Just an hour or so with feet up takes pressure off legs and back and prevents varicose veins and backache. Effects of Smoking, Drugs, Alcohol and Rubella on Fetus Smoking The thousands of chemicals in cigarette smoke (including second hand smoke) such as carbon monoxide and nicotine are toxins that move through your bloodstream and harm your developing baby. When you smoke your baby is confined in a smoke filled womb and this is reducing the flow of oxygen to your baby. The nicotine can cause your babys heart rate to increase (as well as yours) and can damage and decrease your babys supply of nutrients because of your increased blood pressure and blood vessel constriction. The baby will be born smaller than others. Theres a chance of miscarriage and stillbirth. Drugs * Drugs can also cross the placenta and get into the babys blood * Illegal drugs like ecstasy; cocaine, heroin, LSD, amphetamines, cannabis and solvents can damage the developing fetus. * Babies become addicted to illegal drugs if the mother takes them during pregnancy they are born addicted, and suffer withdrawal symptoms when theyre born. Addicted babies are smaller than usual with a high pitched, wailing cry. And its difficult to get them to sleep. * Prescription drugs can also harm the developing fetus. Alcohol * Alcohol can pass across the placenta to the fetuss blood. * It can interfere with growth of the fetus * Even worse it can severely affect development of the brain. * Damage to brain and nervous system caused by alcohol is called fetal alcohol syndrome Rubella German measles this disease is very dangerous in the first four months. If it survives the 9 months and is born it may be born deaf, blind, have a heart disease or a learning difficulty. Antenatal Care Antenatal Care appointments are your opportunity to find out all you need to know about your pregnancy, as well as a chance to monitor you and your developing babys health. Where do you have it? Hospitals where babies are born have antenatal clinics other places are: 1. With your family doctor 2. With community midwifes 3. In your own home, midwife or doctor visits you What happens? Your first antenatal appointment will probably be your booking in appointment usually about 8-12 weeks. Youll be asked a number of questions about your health your family history and any previous pregnancies. The aim is to get a good basic idea of your pregnancy so far. Routine Checks at the other appointments are: * Blood pressure * Weight * Palpation- feeling your tummy * Listening to your babys heart * Questions about your babys movements * Urine tests * Checking any swelling in your legs arms or face * Questions about how you feel How often? Not counting appointments for scans or other hospital based tests, you can expect to have appointments every four weeks after week 12 every 2 weeks from week 32 every week during the last three or four weeks. Antenatal care clinical guideline covers: * The care women can expect to receive from their midwife and doctors during their pregnancy, whether they plan to give birth at home or in hospital * The information given is expected * What they can afford from antenatal appointments * Aspects of their lifestyle that they may want to consider (such as diet exercise, alcohol, drugs intake sexual activity and smoking) * Routine screening tests fro specific conditions * Occupational risk factors in pregnancy * What will happen if pregnancy goes beyond 41 weeks * What will happen if the baby is bottom first (known as breech position) for the birth Antenatal Care The uterus is checked 1. The midwife/doctor feels the uterus to check how big the fetus is, where it is in the uterus and if its moving. 2. The uterus is measured. The distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus, gives a good idea of fetal far along the pregnancy is. 3. From 16 weeks onwards, the midwife/doctor listens to the fetal heartbeat with a stethoscope. Urine samples are tested 1. Keystones are compound from in the urine when the bodys dehydrated. She may need extra fluids via a drip. 2. Glucose in the urine is a sign of gestational diabetes, which usually goes away after birth. 3. Protein in the urine is a sign of bladder and kidney infections and pre-edampsia causes high blood pressure, headaches, swelling, abdominal pains and weight gain. Women with sever pre- eclipse need to be in hospital and maybe have the birth induced before its due. Untreated pre eclipse leads to eclipse fits, organ failure and death of mother and baby. Height, Weight and Blood pressure are checked 1. Measuring height and weight gives a good idea of size of the pregnant womens pelvis. 2. Most pregnant women put on about 10-12kg during the pregnancy none of thats down to the baby theres amniotic fluid, placenta umbilical cord and fat stored ready for milk production 3. Not gaining weight can mean the fetus has stopped growing or died 4. Blood pressure is checked a big increase in blood pressure is a sign of pre- eclipse. Screening and diagnostic tests check for problems Ultra sound 1. Uses high frequency sound to get a picture of the fetus. 2. The womans belly is coated with gel and a hand held scanner is moved back and forth over it 3. A grainy black and white picture of the baby appears on the monitor 4. Its easy to see if the woman is having twins, and doctors can tell sex of the baby. The size of the babys head gives a good idea of long the pregnancy is, which means you can work out the due date. Blood tests are taken 1. Anemia is a lack of iron in the blood it makes the woman feel tiered and worn out. 2. Immunity from rubella is tested sexually transmitted diseases are checked for too. 3. Blood group and Rhesus factor are checked complications can arise of the mother has rhesus negative blood, but the baby has rhesus positive. 4. Hepatitis B and care viruses that cause liver disease mother and baby can both be treated 5. Blood sugar levels are checked to see if the woman has gestational diabetes. Serum Screening (Triple Tests) 1. Measure the levels of two hormones and a protein called alpha-fetoprotein in the mothers blood between 15+18 weeks pregnant. 2. Very high levels of AFP many mean its twins, or very rarely that the baby might have spina bifida or even the woman is more than 18 weeks pregnant. 3. Low levels of AFP can mean the baby has downs syndrome or that the woman is less than 15 weeks pregnant. If there is a risk of downs syndrome mother is offered amniocentesis. Amniocentesis 1. A needle is inserted through the mothers skin, into the uterus and into the amniotic sac. Same amniotic fluid is taken and the fetal cells it contains are tested. 2. The test shows up abnormalities like downs syndrome and spina bifida its only done if the blood test shows there a risk or if the mothers older than average. Chronic Villous Sampling 1. A needle is inserted through the mothers skin and through the wall of the uterus; a sample of the placenta is removed and tested. 2. The test detects downs syndrome its done if theres a family history or inherited problems or if the mother is older than average.

Parental Substance Abuse And Safeguarding Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Parental Substance Abuse And Safeguarding Children Social Work Essay Essay Example Parental Substance Abuse And Safeguarding Children Social Work Essay Essay Parental Substance Abuse And Safeguarding Children Social Work Essay Essay Substance abuse causes considerable injury and is soon an huge planetary issue of public concern. It is a wide-ranging job, damaging persons, households and full communities. In general, substance abuse is non merely turning well within the United Kingdom, but besides worldwide. Simultaneously, the figure of kids involved in the barbarous circle of drug pickings and job imbibing by their parents is besides increasing. Although authoritiess, policy shapers and practicians are acknowledging the job and taking stairss towards undertaking the effects of substance maltreatment within households ; the issue in general seems far from being solved. Alcohol is lawfully available and easy accessible throughout England. It is positively associated with socialization, loosen uping and observing. Although jobs linked to inordinate intoxicant ingestion are widespread and good established, it seems that intoxicant abuse is someway more socially accepted and does non hold the same stigma as utilizing drugs. Consequently, the issue of intoxicant maltreatment, particularly in households with kids, frequently remains undiscovered, and the negative impact and effects of the inordinate imbibing behavior of parents on kids remain under-recognized and ignored. Estimates by the Prime Minister s Strategy Unit ( 2004 ) are that between 780,000 and 1,3 million kids in England are ( in ) straight affected by an intoxicant job of at least one parent in other words: 1 in 11 kids live in a family where intoxicant abuse is present. While intoxicant and the negative effects associated with its uncontrolled usage have been around and good documented for centuries, the drug industry has merely been developing and turning quickly over the last few old ages. Concordant with the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs ( 2003 ) up to 300,000 kids or 3 % of all kids under 16 presently belong to a household where one or two of their parents struggle with a unsafe drug issue. Parental substance abuse is besides non unheard of in societal services caseloads with one one-fourth to one tierce of households known to societal services as being involved with misapplying drugs or intoxicant ( Cleaver et al. , 1999 ; Kearney et al. , 2003 ) . Many of these kids do at least temporarily non unrecorded with their addicted parents. Puting these figures together, more than 10 % of all kids in England are exposed to endure under the effects of their parental drug or intoxicant abuse and it is highly likely that these Numberss will go on to turn over the undermentioned old ages. It seems besides sensible to believe that the official figures of affected kids may be under-estimating the true graduated table of the job as it is highly hard to cipher how many households have to get by with some signifier or the other of substance maltreatment ( Templeton, 2006 ) . First, non all drug and intoxicant services take proper attention to set up whether or non their clients are besides parents and 2nd, non all clients are willing to supply information about the being of ain kids. Third, some establishments do non unwrap figures, collect informations decently or be given to under-report ; and 4th, cipher knows how many substance misuser are non seeking intervention and, hence do non look on any official statistics ( Keen et a l. , 2001 ; ACMD, 2003 ) . Consequently, losing informations and a clear underestimation of the entire figure of affected kids by parental substance abuse seem obvious. Substance maltreatment can include negative physical ( such as wellness hazards and disregard ) , psychological ( such as fond regard upsets and depression ) every bit good as societal ( such as poorness and offense ) influences on both parents and their kids ( Kroll et al. , 2000 ) . Parental intoxicant and drug maltreatment can impact kids s wellness and development in the long term from every bit early as construct and frequently into maturity, taking to changing signifiers of strong, inauspicious and complex effects ( Turning Point, 2006 ) . Additionally, all imaginable types of kid ill-treatment have repeatedly been associated and clarified in assorted surveies with parental substance abuse including carelessness ( as the most common type of maltreatment ) , sexual, emotional and physical maltreatment ( Cleaver et al. , 1999 ; Alison, 2000 ; Forrester et al. , 2006 ) . The impact of intoxicant and/or drugs may besides significantly affect the parent s capacity of equal parentin g ( Alison, 2000 ) . The negative impact of a dependence on the substance misuser himself can take to helter-skelter life styles, perplexing and forestalling parents to back up and care for their ain kids, run intoing their basic demands and supplying a safe and encouraging place environment ( Keen et al. , 2001 ; Home Office, 2008 ) . With the cognition that parental abuse of certain substances can hold a earnestly negative impact on kids s physical, psychological and emotional wellness and development, it is indispensable that these kids potentially at hazard are identified every bit early as possible in order to set up for appropriate protection and safeguard their public assistance ( Nottingham City, 2004 ) . This is the duty of all professionals in different scopes of services ; they all must be able to place and handle substance abuse related jobs by grownups, and besides concentrate on the jobs of affected kids ( Keen and Alison, 2001 ) . Therefore, progressively more research is being done, policy enterprises started and family-supporting services and undertakings have developed quickly ( Templeton et al. , 2006 ) . Although considerable advancement has been made in acknowledging and undertaking the job of substance maltreatment and the issue has won much public consciousness in the last old ages, unhappily , the decease of kids through the custodies of their parents recalls that the system still fails to safeguard kids at hazard. Professionals face a assortment of frequently complex issues and battle with working unimpeded. The most common jobs are a deficiency of apprehension, deriving entree to the substance misuser and their kids, resiliency, quandary about confidentiality and information sharing, inter-agency tensenesss, appraisal, deficiency of preparation and the ability to concentrate on both, grownups and kids s demands ( Kroll and Taylor, 2000 ; Taylor and Kroll, 2004 ) . Without a uncertainty, alterations and new attacks are needed, and through joint appraisal, better information sharing and inter-agency cooperation, the focal point should be on effectual intercession and intervention for the substance misuser every bit good as of the so far frequently unseeable and neglected kids ( Kroll and Talyor, 2000 ; Head of Safeguarding Children, 2008 ) . The first subdivision of this essay describes effects and causes associated with parental substance maltreatment. It highlights the impact of drug and intoxicant abuse on the fetus during gestation and subsequently on the kid from newborn to adulthood, every bit good as resiliency and protective factors for affected kids. Part two focal points on professionals: their duties sing kids s safeguarding and the challenges they face when confronted with substance abuse. The 3rd subdivision covers the legal model of safeguarding kids and other related political steps. The 4th subdivision examines the advancement made so far by looking at different undertakings, intercessions implemented and recent developments. In contrast, subdivision five gives an penetration into world, indicating out some of the most obvious jobs and recent incidents. It touches exhaustively discussed issues such as information sharing, inter-agency cooperation and preparation. The last subdivision considers purposes an d ends, their execution and suggests recommendations for a more effectual scheme in the hereafter. Throughout this article substance misuse/abuse refers to the usage either dependent usage or associated with inauspicious effects of prescribed ( such as tranquillizers, kiping pills, pain-killers, sedatives ) and illicit ( such as opioids, cocaine, rapture, hemp ) drugs every bit good as intoxicant ( Newcastle Child Protection, 2002 ) with critical societal, interpersonal, fiscal, physical and psychological negative effects for both the users and those around them ( ACMD, 2003 ) . 78 SUBSTANCE MISUSE AND EFFECTS ON PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN There is sensible footing in research to propose that a kid whose parent is misapplying substances is at increased hazard. Substance abuse can demand a important proportion of a parent s clip, money and energy, which will inescapably cut down resources available to the kid. Substance abuse may besides set the kid at an increased hazard of disregard and emotional, physical or sexual maltreatment, either by the parent or because the kid becomes more vulnerable to mistreat by others ( Lewis, 1997 ) Parental substance maltreatment does non needfully intend that kids are at hazard of injury or in demand or have hapless rearing in some instances they would non even be affected in a negative manner ( Newcastle Child Protection, 2002 ) . However, merely a few kids will non hold to cover with multiple, mounting and changing negative effects and survive such a complex issue wholly unharmed. While a concrete form of effects can neer be clearly determined due to the complexness of the issue, many of the kids may be for good affected in an inauspicious mode, either emotionally, physically, socially, intellectually or developmentally ( ACPC, 2004 ) . Problems include a assortment of wellness and developmental issues, uneffective parenting, condemnable activity, poorness, helter-skelter life styles and educational attainment, and have long been underestimated and an abandoned research field ( Keen and Alison, 2001 ; HM Government, 2008 ) . The Children Act ( 1989, s17 ( 10 ) ) defines a kid in demand as improbable to accomplish or keep, or to hold the chance of accomplishing or keeping, a sensible criterion of wellness or development without the proviso for him of services by a local authorization ; his wellness or development is likely to be significantly impaired, or farther impaired, without the proviso for him of such services ; or he is handicapped . In this context injury means ill-treatment ( sexual maltreatment and signifiers of maltreatment which are non physical ) or damage of wellness ( physical or mental wellness ) or development ( physical, rational, emotional, societal or behavioral development ) ( The Children Act 1989, s31 ( 9 ) ) . Among 100s of other prescribable substances, intoxicant and opiates should be reduced or avoided at all during gestation. Although it is non possible to measure all the effects of drugs and intoxicant to a full extend on a foetus, it is known that it can be damaging at any clip during gestation ( from construct onwards up to deliver, with the first 3 months being peculiarly vulnerable ) , doing a assortment of wellness and development jobs. Babies whose female parents were dependent on opiates or intoxicant during their gestation are more likely to be smaller, of lower birth weight, premature and at higher hazard of the sudden baby decease ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Additionally the addicted female parents affected wellness and her perchance hapless nutrition ( high degrees of sugar, non adequate Ca, proteins, fruits and veggies ) frequently have an extra negative impact on the foetus physical and psychical development and the babe s wellness. If an unborn is exposed to maternal intoxicant maltreatment, this can non merely take to the familiar serious damages related to substance maltreatment mentioned before, but besides to a unusually common developmental job known as Foetal Alcohol Syndrome. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome includes a series of possible effects on kids such as larning disablements, bosom defects, lower organic structure weight, decreased tallness, facial malformations, vision and hearing troubles, ADD ( Attention Deficit Disorder ) , ADHD ( Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ) , behavior upset and inappropriate behavior ( Dore et al. , 1995 ) . Expecting adult females sharing injection equipment or working as cocottes to finance their drug usage, live with the changeless menace of being infected with HIV or hepatitis B ; for kids born to drug dependent female parents who are infected with HIV, hepatitis C or hepatitis B, there is besides a unusually elevated hazard to be besides infected during gestation, birth or while being breastfed ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Heavy and prolonged maternal substance maltreatment, both opiates and intoxicant, will really probably expose the kid to the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, which is a term for a scope of jobs a newborn may meet when retreating from exposure to narcotics. Typical symptoms include high-pitched and overly long periods of weeping, shuddering, sneezing, sudating and temperature, purging and diarrhoea, feeding troubles, disturbed kiping forms, paroxysms, , crossness and hyperactivity, high sensitiveness to touch, wild suction, rapid external respiration and cardiac action ( Marcory and Harbin, 2000 ) . Despite the opportunity that appropriate prenatal attention from the beginning would increase the possibility of a healthy and normal gestation and satisfactory development of the foetus, female parents involved with substance dependance frequently do non seek antenatal attention, peculiarly due to their fright of being stigmatized. ( Newcastle Child Protection, 2002 ) . As a babe grows older, the likeliness of sing some negative effects due to its parents substance maltreatment is non diminished in any manner and the impact will change well, depending on several factors such as the kid s age and phase of development. The constitution of a decent, confident and unafraid relationship to at least one health professional in the early months has widely been recognized as the foundation of a kid s normal development. However, kids of substance misapplying parents frequently experience parental inaccessibility, inconsistent attention and conflictual relationships ( ACMD, 2003 ) . A wont frequently lets a parent focal point more on geting and utilizing his drugs or intoxicant instead than its kids s demands. Poisoning and get bying with backdowns symptoms lead to limited clip, attending and emotional inaccessibility ( Kroll and Taylor, 2000 ) . Further, kids of drug and intoxicant maltreaters frequently have to see an implemented impermanent or lasting separation or loss of a parent due to abandonment, hospitalization, imprisonment, intervention, remotion or other exigencies ( ACMD, 2003 ) . All these points contribute to life-long complicated and insecure fond regard. The above-specified jobs normally besides affect the nature and quality of parenting, which in bend frequently of course consequences in farther troubles in a kid s development ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Research proves that many substance mistreating parents lack model theoretical accounts for rearing as they have received hapless parenting and ill-treatment themselves ( Keen and Alison, 2001 ) . As dependance on a substance becomes cardinal, parents are more likely to pretermit their kids which bears assorted hazards and dangers them, irrespective of their age group. Children may be inadequately supervised or left entirely at place, exposed to preventable accidents and/or hurts ( Kroll and Taylor, 2000 ) . But non merely kids are at hazard of accidents, besides drugged or bibulous grownups are exposed to a higher degree of self-induced incidents such as falls, burying nutrient on the goblin or falling asleep with still glowing coffin nails. Parents with an dependence repeatedly besides tend to be unable to carry through their kids s ain basic demands so day-to-day hygiene, a balanced diet and general wellness may endure every bit good as stableness, modus operandis ( such as bedtimes, acquiring up and out for school ) and boundaries ( Alison, 2000 ) . Further wellness hazards may be provoked non taking kids s everyday wellness assignments or jobs earnestly plenty or careless disposal and hence easy entree to drugs, bottles, panpipes and acerate leafs ( Kroll and Taylor, 2000 ; Alison, 2000 ) . There is besides noteworthy danger for kids that have observed their parents utilizing substances, copying them ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Girl, 2, dies imbibing her female parent s dolophine hydrochloride ( 2002 ) Boy, 2, died after taking parents dolophine hydrochloride ( 2006 ) Boy, 14, dies after imbibing dolophine hydrochloride at his aunt s level ( 2008 ) Another effect of parental inaccessibility is that kids are frequently left entirely with day-to-day adult/parental duties such as caring for their younger siblings, run intoing their parents demands, managing fundss and family jobs ( Kroll, 2004 ) . Such extra and unequal duties may in bend consequence in the loss of societal chances and hapless academic public presentation of child- some research gives grounds that kids miss school ( on a regular basis ) by being kept at place due to caring duties and left with small clip to socialise. Social isolation becomes more terrible as the kid grows older and starts to be careful about exposing household life to foreigners and lives in a circle of denial and secrecy due to dishonor and fear ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Misapplying drugs or intoxicant does non merely lend to negligence but frequently goes manus and manus with other signifiers of kid maltreatment and force at place. The possibility of maltreatment and child ill-treatment is enforced by the likeliness that kids may be exposed to a figure of possible unsafe aliens or inappropriate carers within their ain place ( Newcastle Child Protection, 2002 ) . Research besides reveals a lower tolerance degree and moderate loss of pique associated with substance maltreatment, doing aggressive behavior and ensuing in force to look often ( Kroll, 2004 ) . Emotional disregard and maltreatment is besides an issue within a parental substance misapplying environment. Children frequently either experience rejected and unloved by their parents as they concentrate and spend well more clip on their destructive wont than with them, or embarrassed and frequently besides guilty ( Kroll, 2004 ) . Keeping an dependence is a fiscal load, non merely doing it hard to finish family costs, but besides on a regular basis taking to condemnable activity to purchase drugs or intoxicant. Children of addicted parents are besides more likely to be exposed to early condemnable behavior and/or its effects non infrequently because they have been with a parent while they had been perpetrating a offense ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Although parents try and tend to conceal their wont from their kids, kids sooner or subsequently detect it and typically have to cover with it by themselves which normally adds to a assortment of already existing behavioural jobs due to the mentioned effects of parental substance abuse kids tend to be more aggressive, experience disquieted or dying and demo anti-social behavior ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Negative parental illustrations and function theoretical accounts such as drug pickings, intoxicant maltreatment, offense, hapless life conditions and inappropriate behavior necessarily can take a kid to see their parents actions as being normal and approved so that substance maltreatment and hideous behavior by themselves becomes more likely as they enter into their teens and maturity ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Research into kid resiliency has shown that cardinal protective factors can hold an tremendous impact on forestalling kids from being damaged by parental substance abuse. The field of factors includes holding a parent non misapplying substances, a strong bond with a lovingness grownup and support from extended household ( Templeton and Velleman, 2007 ) . Further to advert are a violence-free place, sufficient fiscal resources and an solid support system every bit good as educational success and engagement in different activities ( 19? ) . Working towards personal ends and dreams, taking instruction or calling chances or even go forthing the parental place are besides common schemes to cover with sing substance maltreatment at place ( Templeton and Velleman, 2007 ) . Parents by and large are cognizant of the negative effects and influence on their kids, and they frequently experience a scope of impacts as a consequence of their failing which furthermore will hold follow-on affects for their kids, for illustration in their parenting capacity. Many of them have experienced hard childhoods and were ill parented themselves in this instances drugs or intoxicant are frequently used to cover with a scope of injury and tenseness associated ( Alison, 2000 ) . Professionals It is the dependability and map of all genres of professionals and bureaus including general practicians, wellness visitants, physicians, accoucheuse, baby doctors, mental wellness services, household support services, intervention establishments, societal services, constabularies, educational scenes and voluntary sectors to safeguard and protect kids. Safeguarding is equal to maintain kids safe from injury and maltreatment both calculated maltreatment every bit good as accidents, strong-arming and offense and to advance their well-being and development in a healthy and safe environment ( HM Government, 2006 ) . Everyone holding contact with kids must be cognizant that it is non acceptable to stay sidelined if a kid is in demand or hazard of injury ( Lord Laming, 2003 ) . However, it is notable that each professional recognizes and accepts the restrictions of his ain functions and values the indispensable portion of others ( Keen and Alison, 2001 ) otherwise everyone s responsib ility and the mission to set a kid s public assistance foremost shortly gets lost and remains no 1 s duty ( Inter-Agency Guidelines, ( 2008 ) . Challenges When meeting parental substance maltreatment, all professionals face a series of quandary, struggles and tensenesss in their work with kids and grownups. They frequently merely experience unprepared and miss the expertness, accomplishments and developing to concentrate and work efficaciously with grownups and kids to the same intent, and even if they do hold the proper preparation, professionals frequently merely do non see their function in prosecuting with kids or substance misusing parents ( Templeton and Velleman, 2007 ) . Professionals interviewed by Taylor and Kroll ( 2004 ) stated one after another that they lack developing which covers kid safeguarding and protection procedures and experience inexperient to work with kids of drug and intoxicant users, kids in demand or hazard of injury. Additionally, there seems to be a common confusion among different bureaus sing their single functions and therefore allotment of clear duties. A big portion of these issues lay in the person and independent development of substance abuse services and kid public assistance approaches over the last old ages. While grownup intervention services place the substance maltreaters foremost and frequently do non affect bing kids, the primary intent of kid protection bureaus are entirely the kids, by and large non taking into history parents demands ( Colby and Murrell, 1998 in Taylor and Kroll, 2004 ) . But bureaus working with kids must besides take into history the state of affairs and the jobs of the several parents, being cognizant of the impact parents behaviors have on kids. At the same clip, services for grownups must non disregard bing kids, so a great cooperation between bureaus and services is needed ( Templeton and Velleman, 2007 ) . Professionals and bureaus have to cover with parents who may bot be easy to prosecute with, who may non desire to collaborate with them, are loath to open up, state the truth or fix to alter ( Nottingham City ACPC, 2004 ) . Therefore it can be a challenge to obtain, set up and keep swearing relationships with either the parents or the accomplished kids ( Inter-Agency Guidelines, 2008 ) . On the other manus, households with a drug and/or intoxicant job fear a scope of effects and rejection by opening themselves to professionals, which normally keeps them in a turn of silence and secretiveness, therefore forestalling them entree to back up and assist for themselves or their kids ( Nottingham City ACPC, 2004 ) . Parents are frequently loath to near services and seek intervention, have jobs to confide in others and uncover their drug and/or intoxicant job as they peculiarly fear that any revelation could take to losing their kids and that their household might be treated otherwise, stigmatized or denied by others ( Nottingham City ACPC, 2004 ) . Although confidentiality is a cardinal rule for such bureaus, no organisation can vouch it and in some instances, professionals have to portion information, particularly when a kid s public assistance is at hazard ( The Stella Project, 2002 ) . SAFEGUARDING AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK As mentioned earlier in this article, bureaus, services and professionals in touch with kids or/and grownups who are parents have a assortment of duties to safeguard kids, assess their demands and advance their public assistance. In the United Kingdom, considerable legislative model exists for this intent, with the Children Act 1989 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as the simple and reforming pieces of kid jurisprudence. In general, the Children Act ( 1989 ) focuses on bettering kids s lives and demands comprehensive services to all kids every bit good as tailored 1s for those with extra demands. It besides clarifies that if a local authorization has sensible cause to surmise that a kid who lives, or is found, in their country is enduring, or is likely to endure, important injury, the authorization shall do, or do to be made, such questions as they consider necessary to enable them to make up ones mind whether they should take any action to safeguard or a dvance that kid s public assistance ( The Children Act 1989, s47 ( 1 ) ) . The Children Act besides provides the legal evidences for the five Every Child Matters ( 2003 ) outcomes in jurisprudence be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part, achieve economic wellbeing. Subsequently the Children Act ( 2004 ) implemented a demand for local governments and a scope of bureaus prosecuting with substance mistreating parents to rank foremost the public assistance and safety of their kids. Local governments and bureaus are made responsible to find if a kid is in demand and/or hazard and so to take appropriate stairss to protect him from ( farther ) important injury ( ACMD, 2003 ) . Further The Children Act ( 2004 ) focuses on co-operation to better and procure the wellbeing of kids. Early consciousness and intercession is critical to cut down the Numberss of kid protection instances but appraisal is an vastly complex procedure. When measuring the public assistance of a kid, practicians must work sensitively and child-centred, analyzing the parental substance abuse from the kid s place to better understand the impact upon his development and life ( Lord Laming, 2003 ) . For a more standardised, coordinated, early and practical manner to measure kids s single demands, the Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) was designed and signifiers portion of the Every Child Matters ( Lord Lamming, 2003 ) . The Department of Health besides provides the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families, which is based on a more ecological attack. Further, all local governments are required to hold an Area Child Protection Committee to form and oversee kid protection steps. When finding that a kid is at hazard of important injury, kid protection processs should instantly be initiated to guarantee that the necessary referral is made to the societal services ( ACMD, 2003 ) . It is important that appraisal is ongoing and alterations are carefully monitored when a parent is in intervention or free from drugs or intoxicant dependance it does non needfully intend that kids do non longer suffer from any inauspicious effects ( Nottingham City ACPC, 2004 ) . Further, if no concerns sing the wellbeing of a kid are established, professionals should stay in connexion with the household and carefully detect them as harmless state of affairss frequently rapidly alter into an unpredictable environment for the kid ( Newcastle Child Protection, 2002 ) . Advancement Over the last old ages, there has been a broad scope of Government enterprises, programmes, schemes and policies aimed at undertaking ( parental ) substance abuse. The Updated Drug Strategy for England 2002, Models of Care for Alcohol Misusers, the Green Paper on Children at Risk, Extended Schools, the Children s National Service Framework, Sure Start and Early Excellence Centres, mentioned above, are merely some illustrations of cardinal enterprises ( ACMD, 2003 ; The Stella Project, 2002 ) : The Updated Drug Strategy for England in general specifies a assortment of actions undertaken by the Government to undertake drug usage and curtail the entree to Classify A ( diacetylmorphine, cocaine ) drugs. Further it acknowledges that there is non adequate attending given to kids of drug dependant grownups and therefore more focal point on assisting them every bit good as addicted female parents is needed. The Models of Care for Alcohol Misusers first attempt is to place, work towards and minimise negative effects of intoxicant maltreatment on kids. In peculiar, this scheme besides addresses maltreatment and domestic force as the chief associated jobs with alcohol dependance. The Green Paper on Children at Risk is a scheme turn toing a series of cardinal recommendations of the Laming Report and taking to implement policies to better the life opportunities of kids. The construct behind the Extended Schools undertaking, initiated by the Department for Education and Skills, is that schools could make stronger relationships parents and kids, motivate their students and so raise criterions by offering a wider service such as grownup instruction, wellness services and child care. The Children s National Service Framework chief end is to cut down inequalities in wellness and societal services every bit good as upgrading the overall criterion of such services. The strategy specifically concentrates on the demands of kids of drug and intoxicant maltreaters. Certain Start provides different services and support of all sort to all households in more deprived countries and in instances of parental substance abuse, the Sure Start squad will seek advice, refer to and work closely with the relevant practicians and bureaus. Early Excellence Centres were established to raise kids s public assistance and development by working coordinated with other community bureaus and offering advice, support, child care, wellness services and early acquisition. With a comprehensive legislative model already established in the United Kingdom and several enterprises and programmes running, it does non look particularly needed to modify bing statute laws or implement new 1s or get down more undertakings to protect kids efficaciously. Nevertheless, those already bing must be to the full understood and applied by practicians in all countries, and everyone must clearly understand his duties and those of the others ( Lord Lamming, 2003 ) . However, the decease of the kids Baby P and Victoria Climbie are tragic illustrations of the weaknesss in the kid protection system. Despite considerable committedness and advancement made so far, challenges remain in the protection of kids and their safeguarding every bit good as in the day-to-day world of practicians. The issues chiefly surround preparation, equal degrees of staffing, betterment of informations systems and information sharing and better coordination and cooperation problematically ( Lord Lamming, 2003 ) . World The exact figure of bush leagues enduring under parental substance maltreatment known to societal services is non clearly determined. In 1999, Cleaver et Al. estimated that about 25 to 60 per centum of all kids in kid protection proceedings were populating with a parent holding a drug or intoxicant job. A more recent survey of 290 kid detention instances in four different London boroughs revealed that 34 % ( 100 households ) where affected by substance maltreatment, ensuing in more than 50 % of all kids in attention proceedings and over a 3rd of all kids on the kid protection files being topics of parental substance maltreatment ( Forrester and Harwin, 2006 ) . Both research workers besides found that most affected kids were under the age of five old ages. Information sharing Although the authorities set clear guidelines on sharing information with the publication of Information sharing: Guidance for practicians and directors in 2008, transgressing confidentiality, information sharing and information protection still remain some of the first concerns among professionals working with kids and substance maltreaters ( Lord Lamming, 2009 ) . While the Data Protection Act 1998 preserves unauthorised revelation of personal information, it should non function as an obstruction or alibi to indispensable information exchange between bureaus and professionals ( Scots Executive, 2003 ) . There are some exclusions set out in the Data Protection Act ( 1998 ) in which information can be shared legitimately, most significantly if there is sensible concern of a kid being at hazard of injury. In order to better the safeguarding of kids of drug and intoxicant mistreating parents it is of import to guarantee that everyone involved understands the state of affairss in whic h they can and should go through on information to other bureaus and organisations and that they use the new governmental recommendations for information sharing in order to supply better support to kids, or to forestall or halt injury ( Cleaver et al. , 2008 ) . Training Appropriate preparation is necessary across all bureaus and for every professional ( such as a societal worker, wellness visitant, school teacher, GP ) working with kids. To advance effectual intercession, it is important that they all clearly understand kid development and are able to early diagnose and place the marks of kid maltreatment and disregard and therefore do the necessary agreements to protect the kid from go oning injury and continue his wellbeing. Lord Lamming ( 2009 ) besides suggests multi-agency preparation to back up a assortment of professionals to better understand non merely their ain functions and responsibilities but besides those of other practicians. This may increase joint appraisal and better determinations. Inter-agency working Lord Lamming ( 2003 in the Victoria Climbie Report ) already ascertained The support and protection of kids can non be achieved by a individual bureau. Every service has to play its portion. All employees must hold placed upon them the clear outlook that the primary map is to the kid . It is indispensable that practicians and services collaborate in a co-ordinated manner to supply better support at the right clip, transporting out joint appraisal or organisation. As many grownup services lack the accomplishments to cover the demands of their clients kids, they have to seek advice from and work closely with other, more child-focused services otherwise their energy and development with the parents is useless ( Turning Point, 2006 ) . The same applies to child-centered establishments who disregard parents. It is assumed that inter-agency working among professionals would convey needful services more co-ordinated and timely, and the results would hence likely to be more effectual ( Cleaver et al. , 2008 ) . Working together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) focuses on and represents different rules for collaborative working ; acknowledging that a kid can merely be protected efficaciously if professionals work together and coordinated.. Decision In the United Kingdom, the debatable drug and intoxicant usage is a major societal and public wellness concern and many kids and their households struggle undetected. In the recent old ages, an huge attempt has been undertaken around the issue of parental substance abuse. The impact of and hazards associated with it have been extensively analyzed and there is turning grounds for a series of undertakings, services and intercessions for kids and their parents. As clearly stated in this article, dependence to different substances has the possible and ability to interfere with all facets of a kid s normal development and general wellness, taking to considerable life-long inauspicious effects for them and their households. Further, heavy uncontrolled imbibing and debatable drug usage frequently have an alarming negative impact on rearing accomplishments and parental attention of their kids ensuing in fond regard upsets and a assortment of other jobs. The study highlights the higher hazard to kids of all signifiers of maltreatment where a parent is problematically utilizing substances. Substance abuse by grownups who are besides parents seldom occurs in isolation or is entirely responsible for increasing hazard for kids. Environmental factors such as unemployment, poorness and societal isolation addition both the hazard of parental substance abuse and negative impacts on kids. Particular hazards associated with gestation and parents with substance jobs who frequently had histories themselves of kid maltreatment and disregard have been emphasized. The coexistence of parental substance abuse brings more challenges for professionals who work with kids and households. With respects to professionals and bureaus, it was recognized that services working with substance misusers frequently have no tradition of working with kids, and other services concentrating on kids are non equipped to react to substance abuse. As divided services form unsafe spreads into which kids can fall and stay concealed within the expert web, there is an obvious demand to better the cooperation between bureaus and services working with parents and kids. The writer besides emphasizes the visual aspect of anxiousnesss and insecurities in child-centered professionals and grownup focused practicians about their ain degrees of cognition and the degree of expertness they felt equipped to measure such a complex issue as parental substance abuse. Therefore, preparation and counsel on the consequence of drugs and intoxicant abuse on kids seems appropriate to mobilise professionals assurance in their ability to measure kids at hazard of injury and offer effectual intervention. Training is besides needed for those instances where parents deny jobs and/or resist intervention, fearing a combination of revelation, stigmatisation and hasty action, which could take to serious jobs sing engagement and enquiry. Further, there shall be a focal point on how to collaborate with other professionals, inter-agency communicating and information sharing. This is utile to interrupt down inter-professional barriers, so bureaus can more efficaciously program and present shared services every bit good as evaluate and procedure attention programs with households. It is besides wise to retrieve Lord Lamming s kid protection counsel although parental substance usage per Se was non addressed by him. It is clear that diverse and flexible attacks of working with households affected by substance maltreatment are needed, delivered by bureaus and professional who are non merely exhaustively trained but besides able to place the demands of those they work with. While there is considerable capacity for betterment in information sharing, patient appraisal, staff preparation, service proviso and interagency working, the biggest challenge seems to be that households with a substance maltreatment job are non overlooked.